Germany's Strategic Shift: Reevaluating Arms Exports to Israel Amid Gaza Crisis

Image: Halil Sagirkaya/Anadolu Agency/IMAGO

Nisaba Media - (Berlin, Germany)

Germany's longstanding support for Israel has been a cornerstone of its foreign policy, deeply influenced by the historical context of the Holocaust. However, recent developments in Gaza have prompted a significant policy shift. In August 2025, Chancellor Friedrich Merz announced that Germany would suspend all military exports to Israel that could be used in Gaza. This unprecedented decision marks a turning point in Germany's approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and raises important questions about the balance between historical alliances and contemporary ethical considerations.

The Policy Shift

The German government's decision to halt arms exports to Israel came in response to Israel's plan to expand its military operations in Gaza City, a move that was widely condemned by the international community. Chancellor Merz stated that the suspension was necessary due to the "lack of clarity in Israel's objectives" and the "deep concern over the ongoing humanitarian crisis" in Gaza. This stance represents a significant departure from Germany's previous policy of unconditional support for Israel.

Public Opinion and Political Pressure

Public sentiment in Germany has increasingly favored a more critical approach to Israel's actions in Gaza. A survey conducted by ZDF found that 83% of Germans supported the suspension of arms exports to Israel that could be used in Gaza. Similarly, a YouGov poll indicated that 65% of Germans backed the decision, with only 19% opposing it. These figures highlight a significant shift in public sentiment, influenced by images of civilian suffering and calls for accountability.

Political leaders across the spectrum have also expressed concerns. Members of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the Left Party have advocated for a suspension of the EU-Israel Association Agreement and an end to arms exports. Even within the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), there has been criticism of Israel's actions, with some members acknowledging that Germany's historical responsibility does not preclude holding Israel accountable for its conduct in Gaza.

International Context

Germany's decision has occurred within a broader international context of increasing scrutiny of Israel's actions in Gaza. The European Union has been divided over how to respond, with some member states calling for sanctions and others, including Germany, expressing reluctance. In August 2025, EU foreign ministers met in Copenhagen but failed to reach a consensus on measures to pressure Israel, reflecting the challenges of achieving unified action within the bloc.

The United Nations and various human rights organizations have condemned Israel's military operations in Gaza, with reports of over 63,000 Palestinian deaths and widespread destruction. These reports have intensified calls for accountability and a reassessment of international support for Israel.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Legal experts have raised concerns about Germany's role in supplying arms to Israel, particularly in light of potential violations of international law. A report by the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR) argued that Germany's arms deliveries to Israel could constitute complicity in war crimes and genocide. The International Court of Justice is also reviewing a case filed by South Africa alleging genocide by Israel in Gaza.

Germany's historical responsibility to Israel does not absolve it from its obligations under international law. As a member of the international community, Germany has a duty to ensure that its actions do not contribute to violations of human rights and humanitarian law.

Conclusion

Germany's decision to halt arms exports to Israel for use in Gaza represents a significant shift in its foreign policy, influenced by changing public opinion, political pressure, and international developments.

While the move reflects a growing recognition of the need to hold Israel accountable for its actions, it also underscores the complexities of balancing historical responsibilities with contemporary ethical considerations. As the situation in Gaza continues to evolve, Germany's role in shaping EU policy and its relationship with Israel will remain subjects of intense scrutiny and debate.

Note: The information provided in this article is based on available data as of September 2025. For the most current developments, please refer to the latest reports and official statements.